@article{oai:toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006705,
 author = {村上, 正和 and MURAKAMI, Masakazu},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {東洋学報, The Toyo Gakuho},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {This article discusses changes occurred in the poor relief system and the aggravation of the problem of transients during the the Jiaqing (嘉慶) and Daoguang (道光) Eras (1796-1850) of the Qing Dynasty.
      From the mid-17th to the early 18th century the government set up facilities for the relief of the poor in Beijing, and in the private sector philanthropists established three facilities for that purpose—namely, Yuyingtang (育嬰堂), Pujitang (普済堂) and Gongdelin (功徳林)—which received support from the government to continue operating on a stable footing. For example, as the name implies, the Yuyingtang did care for homeless children, but also performed the important public service, lucihang (陸慈航), making the rounds of the city in oxcarts to collect corpses lying in the streets and bury them.
      In spite of such efforts, neither the government nor private facilities were competent to continue long-term stable operations on their own. This situation created a government-private sector relationship in early Qing Beijing, involving the Qing court’s support for the above three facilities and their management by private operators.
Governmental support also created an opportunity for governmental intervention. It was in 1799, when Emperor Jiaqing assumed direct rule of the Dynasty, that the above three facilities were subjected to inspections by the central government, as increasing intervention in the governance of Beijing became one part of the Jiaqing Era reforms.
      Despite such imperial efforts to strengthen social order in the capital city, from the middle of the Jiaqing Era on, the poor and transient population of Beijing began to increase, as shown by the rising outlays for the transient shelters (qiliusuo 棲流所) which the government operated, exceeding the original funding. This crisis continued to plague Beijing’s citizenry. Therefore, the private sector began distributing food actively with the governmental support. Here we can see how the private sector supplemented the often inadequate and delayed measures being taken by the government, which in turn approved and actively supported these private efforts in order to incorporate them into the city governance., 本論文の英文タイトルに誤りがございました。訂正内容は、本論文のPDF末尾をご確認ください。},
 pages = {31--58},
 title = {嘉慶・道光期の北京における救貧体制と流民問題},
 volume = {100},
 year = {2018},
 yomi = {ムラカミ, マサカズ}
}