@article{oai:toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp:00006461,
 author = {大久保, 翔平 and OKUBO, Shohei},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {東洋学報, The Toyo Gakuho},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {This article analyzes the opium auctions that were held in Batavia by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) during the period 1700–1745, events that pioneered the expansion of the world opium trade, in order to delve deeper into the actual historical facts about the auctions, which the research to date has only sketched. After explaining the circumstances surrounding the VOC’s opium trading activities up through the mid-18th century, the author analyzes the organization, frequency and achievements of the auctions, before examining the composition of auctioneers during two periods, i.e. before and after the Chinese Revolt and Massacre in October 1740. 
The study leads to two main conclusions, the first of which is that from the latter half of the 17th century on, the VOC expanded the scale of its opium trade under a monopolistic policy, although the results did not always meet expectations. The High Government of Batavia, where the VOC was headquartered in Asia, would set the lowest bidding price at the auctions, then leave the rest of bidding to free competition; and while the Government attempted to create favorable sales conditions by controlling the frequency of the auctions, in reality, it was the Chinese merchants involved who exerted the greater influence on price determination.
Secondly, the Chinese Revolt and Massacre resulted in a diversification of the ethnicity of the auctioneers. Whereas, before the incident, almost all the buyers were Chinese merchants, principal among whom were influential members of the local Chinese community investing enormous amounts of cash in purchasing opium for their businesses, the temporary reduction in the number of Chinese auctioneers caused by the incident presented an opening for merchants of other ethnicities, such as South Asian Muslims (“Moors”) and European free burghers to participate in and influence the auctions throughout the 1740s.
It was in this way that during the first half of the 18th century, the scale of transactions at the auctions grew in size and the participants diversified, as the colonial city of Batavia and its opium auctions became the stage for profit making by both the VOC and a myriad cast of private merchants.},
 pages = {29--58},
 title = {バタヴィアにおけるアヘン競売、一七〇〇―一七四五年―オランダ東インド会社のアヘン貿易―},
 volume = {99},
 year = {2017},
 yomi = {オオクボ, ショウヘイ}
}