@article{oai:toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005870,
 author = {辻, 星児 and TSUJI, Seiji},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {東洋学報, The Toyo Gakuho},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {The Sino-Japanese reading and the Sino-Korean reading of Chinese characters usually correspond to each other. However, the reading of ‘不’ is exceptional, for the former is ‘fu’ (non-rusheng 非入声), while the latter is ‘pur’ (rusheng 入声). Why is this the case?‘不’ in Chinese had 3 (4) readings－ping (平), shang (上), (qu 去), ru (入) sheng (声) in Guangyun (廣韻 A. D. 1008). However, the author’s research in ‘不’ reading in Tang period shows that rusheng was not used and that shang (qu) sheng was used for negative particle, and that pingsheng was used for interrogative particle. At the end of Tang period, however, the rusheng form of ‘不’ (negatives) appeared and spread rapidly as a standard form in Mandarin and other Chinese dialects. Thus the standard reading of ‘不’ in Chinese had changed from non-rusheng to rushing. Although non-rusheng form was used as a standard in Tang period, rusheng form appears to have been used as a non-standard, colloquial form during the same period.The Sino-Japanese reading ‘fu’, whose tone is shangsheng (kan’on 漢音), is regular reflex of Chinese standard form (negatives) in Tang period. The Sino-Korean reading ‘pɯr’ (middle Korean form; present form ‘pur’) corresponds to the sound system of Huiling Yinyi (慧林音義) in Tang period, so that this rusheng form was borrowed from the non-standard Chinese reading. Korean has another reading of ‘不’: ‘pɯ (>pu)’. It seems that this reading is a non-rusheng form, but it is a dropped form of ‘pɯr’.To sum up, the difference between Japanese ‘fu’ and Korean ‘pur’ indicates the change from non-rusheng to rusheng in Chinese. Both Japanese and Korean borrowed the reading of ‘不’in the Tang period. Japanese adopted the standard non-rusheng form, whereas Korean the non-standard, colloquial rusheng form. It can be pointed out that the differences in the reading of ‘不’ in the two nations come from the different geographical locations and the different attitude toward the Chinese culture and language.},
 pages = {326--342},
 title = {「不」の字音について：中国・日本・朝鮮字音},
 volume = {79},
 year = {1997},
 yomi = {ツジ, セイジ}
}