@article{oai:toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005847,
 author = {永積, 洋子 and NAGAZUMI, Yoko},
 issue = {4},
 journal = {東洋学報, The Toyo Gakuho},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {After the Russian exploratory ships approached the north-eastern coast of Japan in 1739, geography of Russia promptly became a major concern for the Japanese. In the course of 1760’s, a few copies of Hübner’s Geography and Marin’s Dutch-French Dictionary were imported with the orders coming from the interpreters. Their progress of competence in Dutch owed much to these books. In Tanuma Era, Isaac Titsingh, the director of Nagasaki factory, received a favor of Dutchphile daimyō’s and rangakusha in Edo and maintained correspondence with them for many years, which helped the rangakusha attain proficiency in Dutch.Kudō Heisuke wrote Akaezo Fūsetsusho or On Red-barbarians based on Dutch literature for its descriptions of Russian history and geography and added his warning against Russian invasion. It was read by Tanuma Okitsugu and Matsudaira Sadanobu, the progressive and conservative councilors. Later the shogunate dispatched several inquiry missions to Ezo.When the Russian envoy, Laksman arrived in Nemuro in 1792, Matsudaira Sadanobu already knew that Russia was a formidable country. He gave the envoy a permit to enter the port of Nagasaki for future commercial visits and let him leave peacefully.In 1804 the second envoy Rezanov arrived in Nagasaki. Hendrik Doeff was asked to serve as an interpreter from French into Japanese for the interrogation. When shogunal order of refusal reached Nagasaki six months later, the envoy asked for its accurate Dutch translation. Doeff had to translate the order, leaving enough Japanese style to avoid the misunderstanding of rangakusha in Edo.By early nineteenth century. the Dutch government recognized well enough that their presence in Japan was indispensable to the Japanese in order to obtain updated information for the security of Japan against probable English and Russian attack.The challenge from the north was responded by accelerated progress in the competence of the Dutch language and better understanding of the world situation.},
 pages = {383--412},
 title = {18～19世紀はじめの日本におけるオランダ語学力の向上とロシア問題},
 volume = {78},
 year = {1997},
 yomi = {ナガヅミ, ヨウコ}
}