@article{oai:toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005750,
 author = {澁谷, 浩一 and SHIBUYA, Koichi},
 issue = {3・4},
 journal = {東洋学報, The Toyo Gakuho},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {After the treaty of Nerchinsk (1689), Russia started sending caravan traders to Beijing. So far this trade has been discussed mainly from the Russian source materials. In this article, the author attempts to analyze the system enforced by the Ch’ing government to receive Russian caravans by using source materials discovered at the Number One Historical Archives in Beijing.Initially, the Ch’ing government treated Russian caravans as part of tributary missions. In the 35th year of K’ang-his’s (康煕) reign, when Galdan, the khan of Jungars, invaded Khalkha Mongolia the Ch’ing government permitted caravans to enter Beijing by itself and no longer treated them as tributary missions. Later, when the condition in Khalkha Mongolia became stable due to Galdan’s defeat, the caravan route was changed from Manchu route to Khalkha route and at the same time the number of men in the caravans Was restricted to two hundred. During the fifties of K’ang-his’s reign, as trade conditions with Beijing declined, other unstable conditions arose in Khalkha Mongolia. Russians began constructing homes and forts along the northern frontier of Mongolia, which looked as if they were preparing for military activities and caused unrest among the Khalkha Mongols. Furthermore, due to Ch’ing’s military campaign against the Jungars, the Khalkha Mongols became impoverished. Finally, the Ch’ing government proposed to the Russian government that caravan route be changed to the former Manchu route, and trading only at the frontier regions would be permitted.From what has been said above, t should be concluded that the transition of the Ch’ing government’s system of receiving Russian caravans were closely related to Ch’ing’s rule of the Khalkha Mongols. In the treaty of Kyakhta (1727), provisions on trade at Beijing reflected the transition of Ch’ing’s system of receiving Russian caravans.},
 pages = {261--293},
 title = {キャフタ条約以前のロシアの北京貿易：清側の受入れ体制を中心にして},
 volume = {75},
 year = {1994},
 yomi = {シブヤ, コウイチ}
}