@article{oai:toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005363,
 author = {吉田, 金一 and YOSHIDA, Kin'ichi},
 issue = {1・2},
 journal = {東洋学報, The Toyo Gakuho},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {The Liu-t’iao-pien-ch’iang consisted of the Lao pien 老辺 (Old Palisade) or Ch’êng-ching-pien-ch‘iang 盛京辺牆 (Mukden Palisade) which was built beyond the Ming Liao-tung-pien-ch’iang 遼東辺牆, and thus increased the territory enclosed by the palisade, and the Hsin-pien 新辺 (New palisade) which extended north-east from the north end of the Old Palisade.G. V. Melikhov states that the Old palisade was a formal border line of the Ch’ing, construction of which was begun at the end of the 1670’s and completed in the early 1680’s under An Chu-hu, General of Ch’êng-ching 盛京将軍安珠瑚. He bases this wholly on the biography of An Chu-hu in the Pa-ch’i-t’ung-chih-ch’u-chi 八旗通志初集. But according to the Ta-ch’ing-shih-lu 大清実録, a part of the Liao-tung-pien-ch’iang already had been repaired in 1638. And in the Ch’êng-ching-t’ung-chih edited in the first year of the Chien-lung period 乾隆元年版盛京通志, it is assumed that the section of the Old Palisade between K’ai-yüan 開原 and Shan-hai-kuan 山海関 and that between K’ai-yüan and Fêng-huang-ch’êng 鳳凰城 were completed in 1654 and in 1672 respectively. Therefore, the construction under An Chu-hu must have been no more than full-scale repair or partial mending of the Old palisade.In his Statistcheskoe opisanie Kitajskoj imperii, Bichurin Hyacinth describes the Liu-t’iao-pien as a border line “extending over 690 li 里 from Wei-yüan-pao 威遠堡 in K’ai-yüan-hsien 開原県 toward the east along Yung-chi-chou 永吉州 to Fa-t’ê-ha 発忒哈.” And it is known that Yung-chi-chou was established in 1726. It seems that G. V. Melikhov based his conclusions on these materials, in stating that the New palisade was constructed in 1726. But I think that the data cannot justify his conclusion. The New Palisade appears on d’Anville’s map, surveyed in 1709, and on the Yü-ti-ch’üan-t’u 輿地全図 of the Ch’êng-ching-t’ung-chih, edited in 1684, and the I-t’ung-mên 伊通門 of the New Palisade is also mentioned in a 1683 edict of Emperor K’ang-hsi. Therefore I think the New Palisade cannot have been constructed later than 1683.As mentioned above, G. V. Melikhov considers the Old Palisade as the formal border line of the Ch’ing. He bases this on a statement in the Liu-pien-chi-lüeh 柳辺紀略 that “under the jurisdictions of the Generals of Ning-ku-t’a 寧古塔 and Ai-hun 愛渾 there aren’t any prefectures or districts 郡県, nor even Pan-t’u 版図, although there are a lot of Chi-mi 羈縻 lands,” but he translates the phrase “Wu-pan-t’u 無版図 (there are no Pan-t’u)” into “the jurisdictions aren’t included in the imperial territory.” However, this Pan-t’u must refer to census registers and maps. Originally all the jurisdictions of both Generals were under military administration, and so there had been no prefectures, districts, census registers or maps. But it is obvious that these territories belonged to the Ch’ing. And in 1726 civil administration was partially established there, with the establishment of Yung-chi-chou and other centers.Accordingly, the Liu-t’iao-pien-ch’iang (Lao Pien) couldn’t have been a formal border line, but was rather a line of demarcation to prevent Koreans and Mongols from entering. It also served as a line of demarcation between administrative sections.},
 pages = {1--25},
 title = {清の柳条辺牆について：メリホフ説批判},
 volume = {59},
 year = {1977},
 yomi = {ヨシダ, キンイチ}
}