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Dr. Iwakichi INABA identified the new script as Kitai characters and emphasized its importance. Mr. Li Wen-hsin, then at the National Central Museum of Manchoukuo, however, denied the stone’s authenticity, and the script was to be left unheeded for more than a decade.In the summer of 1951, the epitaph of a Hsiao Hsiao-chung was unearthed from an old tomb at Hsi-ku-shan, Chin-hsi County, Liao-ning Province, and it was the second time that an inscription in that strange script was known to the world. Mr. Yen Wan-chang a Chinese scholar, studied this epitaph and published in 1957 his Chinese translation of the date borne by the inscription. An accompanying inscription in Chinese confirmed the date as the fifth year of Ta-an era of the Liao Dynasty, i. e. 1089, thus corroborating INABA’s theory.It is stated in the Liao-shih that a kind of Kitai characters called ta-tzu (major letters) were created by A-pao-chi, the first Emperor of Liao, in 920 by ‘modifying half of the Chinese li-shu (plain square characters).’ This seems to mean that the new characters were somewhat similar to the Chinese in nature. Later another kind of script was introduced, prior to the death of A-pao-chi in 926, by Prince Tieh-la who had acquainted himself with an Uighur ambassador and thence obtained a hint. His invention was called hsiao-tzu (minor letters), and is commonly believed to have been phonetic characters as it is said in the Liao-shih that they were ‘small in number but complete and consistent.’In 1922, Father L. Kervyn found several inscribed tombstones at the Liao Imperial Mausolea at War-in Mangkha, Northern Jehol, and published a handmade copy of two Kitai texts. Again in 1932 several similar Kitai tombstones, which had been carried away by T’ang Tso-jung, son of General T’ang-Yü-lin, in 1930, were rediscovered by Japanese scholars. Those tombstones had inscriptions in characters totally different from those on the Chin-hsi epitaph. Thus it was clear that there were two kinds of Kitai characters and they were easily so identifiable. This fact has inevitably led the students of Kitai characters to conflicting views as to which kind of script is the major or the minor letters. To avoid confusions, the present author prefers to call the characters on the imperial tombstones ‘the compound characters’ and those on the Chin-hsi epitaph ‘the simple character,’ for the latter are nothing but simplifications of Chinese characters.The Chin-hsi dates in the simple characters published by Mr. Yen are nine in number. In them the characters denoting the concepts of ‘month’ and ‘day’ are Chinese y,üeh and jih, while ‘year’ is expressed by Jurchen character a-nieh (year; Manchu aniya), with one stroke less. Using them as clues, the author has been able chronologically to establish the meanings of the characters denoting eras, numbers, and the sixty cycles.Despite the clear statement in the Chin-shih that the Jurchen characters were adaptations of the Kitai characters, the great difference between the former and the compound Kitai characters in which the Liao imperial tombstone inscriptions were written has long hindered us from accepting this legend. The discovery of the Chin-hsi epitaph, however, has brought out several simple Kitai characters that look to have been prototypes of the Jurchen characters, and this is a strong testimony to the factualness of the Chin-shih.In the conclusion, the author expresses hope for more new materials that would supply us with more clues to further decipherment of this relatively little known script.", "subitem_description_type": "Abstract"}]}, "item_10001_publisher_8": {"attribute_name": "出版者", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_publisher": "東洋文庫"}]}, "item_10001_source_id_11": {"attribute_name": "書誌レコードID", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_source_identifier": "AN00169858", "subitem_source_identifier_type": "NCID"}]}, "item_creator": {"attribute_name": "著者", "attribute_type": "creator", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"creatorNames": [{"creatorName": "豊田, 五郎"}, {"creatorName": "トヨダ, ゴロウ", "creatorNameLang": "ja-Kana"}, {"creatorName": "TOYODA, Goro", "creatorNameLang": "en"}], "nameIdentifiers": [{"nameIdentifier": "8579", "nameIdentifierScheme": "WEKO"}, {"nameIdentifier": "9000002357360", "nameIdentifierScheme": "CiNii ID", "nameIdentifierURI": "http://ci.nii.ac.jp/nrid/9000002357360"}]}]}, "item_files": {"attribute_name": "ファイル情報", "attribute_type": "file", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2018-08-22"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 0, "filename": "gakuho01_46-1-01.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "1.9 MB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 1900000.0, "url": {"label": "gakuho01_46-1-01.pdf", "url": "https://toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4938/files/gakuho01_46-1-01.pdf"}, "version_id": "0bc7d5e6-f9f1-42eb-83d0-3b253a4ba0c2"}, {"accessrole": "open_date", "date": [{"dateType": "Available", "dateValue": "2018-08-22"}], "displaytype": "detail", "download_preview_message": "", "file_order": 1, "filename": "gakuho02_46-1-01e.pdf", "filesize": [{"value": "994.0 kB"}], "format": "application/pdf", "future_date_message": "", "is_thumbnail": false, "licensetype": "license_free", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size": 994000.0, "url": {"label": "gakuho02_46-1-01e.pdf", "url": "https://toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/4938/files/gakuho02_46-1-01e.pdf"}, "version_id": "dc895a22-23f8-49ff-b3cc-06bf026a0420"}]}, "item_language": {"attribute_name": "言語", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_language": "jpn"}]}, "item_resource_type": {"attribute_name": "資源タイプ", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"resourcetype": "journal article", "resourceuri": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]}, "item_title": "契丹隷字考:女真文字の源流(正誤表添付)", "item_titles": {"attribute_name": "タイトル", "attribute_value_mlt": [{"subitem_title": "契丹隷字考:女真文字の源流(正誤表添付)"}, {"subitem_title": "An Analysis of the Simple Kitai Characters", "subitem_title_language": "en"}]}, "item_type_id": "10001", "owner": "2", "path": ["695"], "permalink_uri": "https://toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/4938", "pubdate": {"attribute_name": "公開日", "attribute_value": "2018-07-30"}, "publish_date": "2018-07-30", "publish_status": "0", "recid": "4938", "relation": {}, "relation_version_is_last": true, "title": ["契丹隷字考:女真文字の源流(正誤表添付)"], "weko_shared_id": 2}
契丹隷字考:女真文字の源流(正誤表添付)
https://toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/4938
https://toyo-bunko.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/493812ca0771-3791-409d-83dd-7aba80656631
名前 / ファイル | ライセンス | アクション |
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gakuho01_46-1-01.pdf (1.9 MB)
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gakuho02_46-1-01e.pdf (994.0 kB)
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Item type | 学術雑誌論文 / Journal Article(1) | |||||
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公開日 | 2018-07-30 | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
タイトル | 契丹隷字考:女真文字の源流(正誤表添付) | |||||
タイトル | ||||||
言語 | en | |||||
タイトル | An Analysis of the Simple Kitai Characters | |||||
言語 | ||||||
言語 | jpn | |||||
資源タイプ | ||||||
資源タイプ識別子 | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 | |||||
資源タイプ | journal article | |||||
著者 |
豊田, 五郎
× 豊田, 五郎 |
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抄録 | ||||||
内容記述タイプ | Abstract | |||||
内容記述 | In the autumn of 1939, a Mukden curio shop displayed what appeared to be a set of tombstones with inscription, consisting of a square top part bearing a legend in Chinese, ‘Ku t’ai shih ming shih chi (Epitaph of the Late Grand Preceptor)’, and the main body on which the inscription was written in strange characters somewhat resembling Chinese, interspersed with ordinary Chinese characters. Dr. Iwakichi INABA identified the new script as Kitai characters and emphasized its importance. Mr. Li Wen-hsin, then at the National Central Museum of Manchoukuo, however, denied the stone’s authenticity, and the script was to be left unheeded for more than a decade.In the summer of 1951, the epitaph of a Hsiao Hsiao-chung was unearthed from an old tomb at Hsi-ku-shan, Chin-hsi County, Liao-ning Province, and it was the second time that an inscription in that strange script was known to the world. Mr. Yen Wan-chang a Chinese scholar, studied this epitaph and published in 1957 his Chinese translation of the date borne by the inscription. An accompanying inscription in Chinese confirmed the date as the fifth year of Ta-an era of the Liao Dynasty, i. e. 1089, thus corroborating INABA’s theory.It is stated in the Liao-shih that a kind of Kitai characters called ta-tzu (major letters) were created by A-pao-chi, the first Emperor of Liao, in 920 by ‘modifying half of the Chinese li-shu (plain square characters).’ This seems to mean that the new characters were somewhat similar to the Chinese in nature. Later another kind of script was introduced, prior to the death of A-pao-chi in 926, by Prince Tieh-la who had acquainted himself with an Uighur ambassador and thence obtained a hint. His invention was called hsiao-tzu (minor letters), and is commonly believed to have been phonetic characters as it is said in the Liao-shih that they were ‘small in number but complete and consistent.’In 1922, Father L. Kervyn found several inscribed tombstones at the Liao Imperial Mausolea at War-in Mangkha, Northern Jehol, and published a handmade copy of two Kitai texts. Again in 1932 several similar Kitai tombstones, which had been carried away by T’ang Tso-jung, son of General T’ang-Yü-lin, in 1930, were rediscovered by Japanese scholars. Those tombstones had inscriptions in characters totally different from those on the Chin-hsi epitaph. Thus it was clear that there were two kinds of Kitai characters and they were easily so identifiable. This fact has inevitably led the students of Kitai characters to conflicting views as to which kind of script is the major or the minor letters. To avoid confusions, the present author prefers to call the characters on the imperial tombstones ‘the compound characters’ and those on the Chin-hsi epitaph ‘the simple character,’ for the latter are nothing but simplifications of Chinese characters.The Chin-hsi dates in the simple characters published by Mr. Yen are nine in number. In them the characters denoting the concepts of ‘month’ and ‘day’ are Chinese y,üeh and jih, while ‘year’ is expressed by Jurchen character a-nieh (year; Manchu aniya), with one stroke less. Using them as clues, the author has been able chronologically to establish the meanings of the characters denoting eras, numbers, and the sixty cycles.Despite the clear statement in the Chin-shih that the Jurchen characters were adaptations of the Kitai characters, the great difference between the former and the compound Kitai characters in which the Liao imperial tombstone inscriptions were written has long hindered us from accepting this legend. The discovery of the Chin-hsi epitaph, however, has brought out several simple Kitai characters that look to have been prototypes of the Jurchen characters, and this is a strong testimony to the factualness of the Chin-shih.In the conclusion, the author expresses hope for more new materials that would supply us with more clues to further decipherment of this relatively little known script. | |||||
書誌情報 |
東洋学報 en : The Toyo Gakuho 巻 46, 号 1, p. 1-39, 発行日 1963-06 |
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出版者 | ||||||
出版者 | 東洋文庫 | |||||
書誌レコードID | ||||||
収録物識別子タイプ | NCID | |||||
収録物識別子 | AN00169858 |