After the unified Han 漢 Dynasty state was established, it can be assumed that certain changes had arisen in the ruling system of the state that had made people uniform “farmer-warriors” and grasped them individually under the military tension of the Warring States period. This paper will throw light on such changes, especially after the reign of Wu-di 武帝 when internal military tension was eased as the feudal system was weakened and territory considerably expanded as a result of the active military conquest.From the wooden tablets of Yinwan 尹湾 and historical documents, it becomes clear that the standing army did not function in the Inner Commanderies and that the Jun-Xian 郡県 people of this region had stopped participating in military expeditions. That is to say, the Jun-Xian people of the Inner Commanderies had lost their importance as military labor, a situation which paralleled the situation after “the Disarmament by Guangwu-di 光武帝 of the Later Han.” On the other hand, the Border Commanderies became specialized in military affairs and became a region financially dependent on the Inner Commanderies. At the same time, Han bureaucrats often insisted that they should not have imposed labor service on the Jun-Xian people of the Inner Commanderies, and during the reign of Yuan-di 元帝, they adopted the policy which reduced the labor-service burden of the Guards and others, expecting them to concentrate on agricultural production.Thus, during the second half of the Former Han, the main duties of the Jun-Xian people became specialized between the Inner and the Border Commanderies: those of the former devoting themselves to agricultural production, the latter engaged in military service. As the imposition of forced labor upon them became less important in the Inner Commanderies, it gradually became unnecessary for the state to rule them individually. The above facts should be regarded as one of the historical premises of the political disintegration of the empire and the social stratification of Xiang-Li 郷里 local society after the decline of the Later Han dynasty.
前漢後半期における郡県民支配の変化：内郡・辺郡の分化から
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