Around 1146 Hu Yin 胡寅 wrote a letter to a literatus named Li 黎 who was resident in Hsiang-t’an county, T’an sub-prefecture, recommending that he should neither monopolize markets, buy official ranks, nor have jurisdiction over legal cases in his area. In the early days of the Southern Sung, Li Ming 黎明, alias Li Ts’ai-wêng 李オ翁, the leader of Lis, helped Hu An-kuo 胡安国, the father of Hu Yin, to settle in Hêng sub-prefecture 衡州. Hu Yin and his brothers were on intimate terms with the Lis. According to Hu’s letter, the Li family belonged to a newly risen social strata and a member of the Li family was a middleman. In those days it was common for rich merchants to buy the rank of military officers. People who managed ti-tien 邸店 usually ran both warehouses and lodging businesses, and also acted as judges in disputes among the people in counties where government offices were not located. As the Lis lived in Hsiang-t’an county where there was no government office, the family is thought to have engaged in the same businesses as mentioned above. In his letter Hu Yin did not describe what kinds of legal cases the Lis handled, but pointed out that the Lis acted as a reconciler or, in some cases, gave penalties as a judge in arbitrating disputes. In 1146 Hu Yin returned to his native place, Chien sub-prefecture 建州, and deliberated on how the literati should act. It seems that this deliberation resulted in Hu’s recommendation to Li.
宋代潭州湘潭県の黎氏をめぐって：外邑における振興階層の聴訟
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